OPINION
The Pen and the Sowrd
Sunday, February 12, 2006
By AREF ASSAF
SPECIAL TO THE HERALD NEWS
The row over the publication of cartoons of the Prophet Mohammad raises profound
tensions – between freedom of speech and mutual respect, ethics of satire and
sanctity, shared values and co-existence, perceived western arrogance and Muslim
victimhood.
A reporter for an international news agency asked me if American Muslims would
soon be burning churches and rioting in the streets if the U.S. media were to
publish the inflammatory cartoon depicting the Prophet.
I initially felt insulted by the mere insinuation that there is a collective and
identifiable Muslim response. I quickly gathered my good judgment and responded
that there is a wide difference between seriously addressing the insulting
caricatures of Muslims as terrorists and painting their religion with one
hateful brush by associating this great religion with terrorism, and the
hysteria of extremists that seems to be portrayed in the media as if it were an
accurate representation of mainstream Islam.Besides, there is a huge difference between European understanding of free
speech and self-censorship. American media are keenly aware of the multitudes of
ethnic and religious groups which define our American societal mosaic. This
truly crowning American reality is found nowhere lese. this kind of
self-censorship is not just an American tradition, but a measure that has
made America with all of its ethnic and religious communities, the most vibrant,
harmonies and productive society the world has ever known.
As it happened, the Philadelphia Inquirer just published some of the cartoons,
and Muslims in America quickly reacted and protested the paper's actions. Yet,
the difference in the reaction of the two communities is a stark one and
requires some elaboration.
Unlike their U.S. counterparts, who entered a gigantic country built on
immigration, most Muslim newcomers to Western Europe started arriving only after
World War II, crowding into small, culturally homogenous nations. Their influx
was a new phenomenon for many host states and often unwelcome. Meanwhile, North
African immigrants retained powerful attachments to their native cultures.
Therefore, unlike American Muslims, who are geographically diffuse, ethnically
fragmented, and generally well off, Europe's Muslims gather in bleak enclaves
with their compatriots: Algerians in France, Moroccans in Spain, Turks in
Germany and Pakistanis in the United Kingdom.
The footprint of Muslim immigrants in Europe is already more visible than that
of the Hispanic population in the United States. Unlike the jumble of
nationalities that make up the American Latino community, the Muslims of Western
Europe are likely to be distinct, cohesive and bitter.
Underlining the Muslims' response to the cartoons is their growing sense of an
emerging Western assault on everything Islamic. The caricature did not spark the
continuing impulse to insult Muslims who live in Western Europe. The real
context of the Danish cartoon is not the "war of civilizations," but rather the
persistent drive by many forces to fan such a war.
Arguably, the publication of the cartoon perhaps precipitated a dent in
Danish-Muslim relations, but this publication is just symptomatic of the
hostility toward the millions of Muslims who live in Europe -- most of whom were
born there.
There is also the issue of hypocrisy over religious sentiments, which portend
that Muslims are overzealous, unlike peoples of other faiths. I recall that when
the film "The Last Temptation of Christ" depicted Jesus engaged in sexual
relations with a woman, a Frenchman set fire to a theater, killing at least one
person.
The West sees prophets as blurred historical figures, at odds with our modernity
and not as examples of true faith and religious devotion. The fact is that Muslims
live their religion. In Europe, Christianity is little more than a Sunday
obligation. It is also a fact that, proportionally, more Muslims practice their
faith than Christians do theirs.
One of the troubling admissions I must make is the great sense of hypocrisy in
our Muslim community. That overreaction, to put it extremely mildly, is far more
damaging to Islam and Muslims than the caricatures that caused it ever were.
Admittedly, the initial Muslim response to the cartoons was not violence
and flag burnings, but small demonstrations in Denmark along with a lobbying
campaign by Danish Muslims that continued for months. To add insult to
injury, Danish officials refused to meet with Arab and Muslim diplomats and
refused to issue an apology. The cartoon took on an international flavor
when more newspapers in Western Europe republished the cartoons. This fulfilled
Muslims' worst fears: The West hates Islam.
But was our reaction as Muslims the right one?
Islam introduced to humanity the sophisticated concept of rejecting collective
punishment. Haven't we been fighting castigation of our community because of the
crimes of a few terrorists who blew up the World Trade Center? Don't we plead
that our counterparts not associate terrorism with our religion even though many
terrorist acts were committed by fellow Muslims? I am afraid we are committing
the same offense when we attack all of Denmark, all of Europe and all of
Christendom.
Muslim scholars throughout the history of this great religion argued against it.
The Quran makes it clear to all Muslims that collective punishment is absolutely
prohibited. Yet, in a clear defiance of God's direct, explicit and unambiguous
command, some Muslims call for a collective punishment of an entire nation for
the actions of a few of its citizens. That type of hysteria must be rejected
outright by Muslims, and must never be allowed to stand as representing the
manner in which Muslims react when insulted, no matter how big such insult might
be.
Is this not precisely what has so humiliated us, to be castigated as a community
for the crimes of a few?
Equally troubling, is the inexcusable hijacking by certain Muslim political
leaders of the genuine reaction to the cartoon in an effort to score political
gains. Witness Iran and Syria's exploitation of their citizens' outrage by
channeling to apply pressure on Europe as they deal with these countries. Iran's
new government, in particular, has truly stooped to a new low by calling for a
competition to create the most offensive anti-Jewish cartoon.
The Quran, Islam's revealed text, states: "Goodness and evil cannot be equal.
Repel (evil) with something that is better. Then you will see that he with whom
you had enmity will become your close friend. And no one will be granted such
goodness except those who exercise patience and self-restraint." (41:34-35)
Aref Assaf is the president of the American Arab Forum.
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